Gem grade periodt imagawidwa kukhala nthawi yayitali yachikasu yobiriwira, nthawi yagolide yobiriwira, nthawi yachikasu yobiriwira, nthawi yobiriwira yobiriwira (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti dusk emarodi kapena emerald wakumadzulo, primrose emarodi) ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yakumwamba.
Pinki safiro wofiira wa safiro: m'mbuyomu, gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi la miyala yamtengo wapatali limakhulupirira kuti corundum yokhayo yokhala ndi kuya kwapakati mpaka yofiyira yofiyira kapena yofiirira imatha kutchedwa ruby.Zomwe zimatembenuza kuwala kofiira kukhala kuwala kwambiri amatchedwa pinki safiro.
Kusiyana pakati pa garnet ndi gem yofananira ndi garnet yopangira.Miyala yamtengo wapatali yofanana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya garnets, kuphatikizapo ruby, safiro, corundum, topazi, emarodi, Jadeite, etc.
Garnet yofiira ndi garnet ya aluminiyamu ya garnet ya magnesium aluminium garnet, ndi yamitundu yambiri ya garnet.Mtundu wofiira wa garnet wofiira ungapangitse anthu kukhala ndi chithumwa chosatsutsika, kukopa chisangalalo ndi chikondi chamuyaya, kuonjezera kudzidalira, ndi mwala wa akazi.
Tourmaline ili ndi mapangidwe ovuta komanso mtundu.Makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera padziko lonse lapansi amagawidwa m'mitundu yamalonda malinga ndi mtundu wa tourmaline, ndipo mtunduwo ukakhala wowoneka bwino, umakhala wokwera mtengo.
Spinel ndi mchere wopangidwa ndi magnesium ndi aluminium okusayidi, chifukwa lili magnesium, chitsulo, nthaka, manganese ndi zinthu zina, iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu yambiri, monga aluminium spinel, chitsulo spinel, nthaka spinel, manganese spinel, chrome spinel ndi zina zotero.
Ruby [1] , kutanthauza kuti corundum ya mtundu wofiira, ndi mtundu wa corundum ndipo imakhala makamaka ndi aluminium oxide (AL 2O 3) .Mtundu wofiira umachokera ku chromium (CR), makamaka Cr2O3, zomwe zili nthawi zambiri zimakhala 0.1 ~ 3%, apamwamba kwambiri ndi 4%.Muli Fe, Ti ndi buluu adati Sapphire, mtundu wopanda chromium CR wamitundu ina ya corundum yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Sapphire.
Gem womangidwa mitundu yonse ya miyala yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali kupitirira ruby yotchedwa safiro.Dzina la mchere wa safiro la corundum, mchere wa gulu la corundum.
Tan crystal imatchedwanso kristalo wa tiyi, ndipo utsi wa quartz (brown quartz) umatchedwanso crystal ya utsi ndi inki crystal Radioactive Makhiristo ambiri a tiyi amakhala ndi mizati ya hexagonal.Monga makhiristo ena owonekera, nthawi zina pamakhala matanthauzo monga ice crack, mtambo ndi chifunga.
Topazi ndi yowonekera bwino koma nthawi zambiri imawonekera chifukwa cha zonyansa zomwe zili mmenemo.Topazi nthawi zambiri imakhala yamtundu wa vinyo kapena yotuwa.Koma ikhoza kukhala yoyera, imvi, yabuluu, yobiriwira.Topazi yopanda mtundu, ikadulidwa bwino, imatha kuganiziridwa ngati diamondi.
TSAVORITE (TSAVORITE) dzina lamankhwala ndi chrome vanadium calcium aluminium garnet, chifukwa lili ndi kuchuluka kwa chromium ndi vanadium, Emerald Green wofewa, wosangalatsa m'maso.Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Shafe National Park ku Kenya anapezedwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka Campbell Brydges kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960.
China ndi amodzi mwa omwe amapanga turquoise.Turquoise amapangidwa ku Zhushan County, Yunxi County, Anhui Ma'anshan, Shaanxi Baihe, Xichuan, Henan, Hami, Xinjiang, Wulan, Qinghai ndi malo ena.